Toluene
Toluene, also known as methylbenzene, is a clear, water-insoluble liquid with the typical smell of paint thinners. As a widely used industrial chemical, toluene serves as a solvent in paints, coatings, adhesives, rubber, and printing industries. It is also a precursor to benzene, toluene diisocyanate, and other important chemicals.
Key Product Specifications
- Chemical Formula: C7H8
- Molecular Weight: 92.14 g/mol
- Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
- Odor: Characteristic aromatic odor
- Boiling Point: 110.6°C (231.1°F)
- Melting Point: -95°C (-139°F)
- Density: 0.867 g/cm3 at 20°C
- Flash Point: 4°C (39°F) (closed cup)
- Solubility: 0.52 g/L in water at 20°C
Technical Data Sheet
| Parameter | Value | Test Method |
|---|---|---|
| Purity | ≥ 99.5% | ASTM D3622 |
| Specific Gravity (20/20°C) | 0.865-0.870 | ASTM D4052 |
| Distillation Range | 109-111°C | ASTM D1078 |
| Non-Volatile Matter | ≤ 0.001% | ASTM D1353 |
| Sulfur Content | ≤ 0.0001% | ASTM D3961 |
| Benzene Content | ≤ 0.05% | GC Analysis |
| Water Content | ≤ 0.03% | Karl Fischer |
Toluene FAQ
Q: What are the primary industrial uses of toluene?
A: Toluene has numerous industrial applications. It is primarily used as a solvent in paints, paint thinners, adhesives, rubber, and printing processes. In the chemical industry, it serves as a feedstock for benzene production and as a precursor for toluene diisocyanate (used in polyurethane production). The pharmaceutical industry uses toluene in drug synthesis, while the petroleum industry uses it as an octane booster in gasoline.
Q: What safety precautions should be taken when handling toluene?
A: Toluene requires careful handling due to its flammability and health effects. Always work in well-ventilated areas or use respiratory protection when ventilation is insufficient. Wear chemical-resistant gloves, protective clothing, and safety goggles. Avoid skin contact and do not breathe vapors or mist. Store toluene away from heat, sparks, and open flames in approved containers. In case of significant exposure, seek medical attention immediately as toluene can affect the central nervous system.
Q: How should toluene be stored properly?
A: Toluene should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Keep containers tightly closed when not in use. Storage areas should be equipped with explosion-proof electrical equipment and proper firefighting equipment. Separate toluene from strong oxidizers, acids, and alkalies. For large quantities, use approved flammable liquid storage cabinets or rooms. Always follow local regulations regarding storage quantities and conditions.
Packaging Options
| Package Type | Capacity | Material |
|---|---|---|
| Drums | 200 kg | Steel or HDPE |
| IBC Totes | 1000 kg | HDPE with steel cage |
| ISO Tanks | 20,000 kg | Stainless steel |
| Bulk Shipments | Road tankers (20-30 MT) | Stainless steel |
Toluene Transportation Information
Toluene is classified as a flammable liquid for transportation purposes. It falls under UN Number 1294 and packing group II. Proper shipping documents including material safety data sheets must accompany all shipments. Transport vehicles must display appropriate hazard placards and carry necessary emergency response equipment.